Page 183 - 2023-Vol19-Issue2

Received: 11 April 2023 | Revised: 13 May 2023 | Accepted: 13 May 2023

DOI: 10.37917/ijeee.19.2.20 Vol. 19 | Issue 2 | December 2023

Open Access

Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Original Article

Tri-Band Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with

Enhanced Performance for 5G Applications Using a

p-Shaped Slot: Design and Simulation

AbdulGuddoos S. A. Gaid*, Mohammed A. M. Ali
Dept. of Communication & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen

Correspondance
*AbdulGuddoos S. A. Gaid
Dept. of Communication & Computer Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology,
Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
Email: quddoos.gaid@taiz.edu.ye

Abstract
In this study, we propose a compact, tri-band microstrip patch antenna for 5G applications, operating at 28 GHz, 38
GHz, and 60 GHz frequency bands. Starting with a basic rectangular microstrip patch, modifications were made to
achieve resonance in the target frequency bands and improve S11 performance, gain, and impedance bandwidth. An
inset feed was employed to enhance antenna matching, and a p–shaped slot was incorporated into the radiating patch
for better antenna characteristics. The design utilized a Rogers RT/Duroid-5880 substrate with a 0.508 mm thickness, a
2.2 dielectric constant, and a 0.0009 loss tangent. The final dimensions of the antenna are 8 x 8.5 x 0.508 mm3. The
maximum S11 values obtained at the resonant frequencies of 27.9 GHz, 38.4 GHz, and 56 GHz are -15.4 dB, -18 dB, and
-26.4 dB, respectively. The impedance bandwidths around these frequencies were 1.26 GHz (27.245 - 28.505), 1.08 GHz
(37.775 - 38.855), and 12.015 GHz (51.725 - 63.74), respectively. The antenna gains at the resonant frequencies are 7.96
dBi, 6.82 dBi, and 7.93 dBi, respectively. Radiation efficiencies of 88%, 84%, and 90% were achieved at the resonant
frequencies. However, it is observed that the radiation is maximum in the broadside direction at 28 GHz, although it
peaks at -41o/41o and -30o/30o at 38 GHz and 56 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, the antenna design, simulations,
and optimizations were carried out using HFSS, and the results were verified with CST. Both simulators showed a
reasonable degree of consistency, confirming the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed antenna design.

Keywords
Rectangular microstrip patch antenna, Tri-band antenna, p-shaped slot, 5G applications, 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 60 GHz,
HFSS, CST.

I. INTRODUCTION throughout the communication system [2] [3] [4] [5]. Devel-
oped countries have established 5G networks to meet these
Wireless communication technology has rapidly evolved to expectations. However, the current frequency spectra are be-
offer more efficient and less complex approaches for enhanc- coming increasingly congested, leaving no bands available for
ing data transfer rates and providing high-quality services to future applications requiring wide frequency ranges. To over-
customers. With the growing number of users connected to come this challenge, researchers recommend switching to new
various wireless networks, future wireless systems must be frequency spectra that can provide the bandwidth required for
able to manage this increasing demand [1]. Therefore, 5G conveying the massive amount of information created by the
technology has garnered attention due to its ability to transmit growing number of users [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12].
vast amounts of data at high speeds while reducing latency

This is an open-access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
©2023 The Authors.
Published by Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering | College of Engineering, University of Basrah.

https://doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.19.2.20 |https://www.ijeee.edu.iq 179