Page 141 - 2024-Vol20-Issue2

Received: 16 July 2023 | Revised: 5 October 2023 | Accepted: 5 November 2023

DOI: 10.37917/ijeee.20.2.12 Vol. 20 | Issue 2 | December 2024

Open Access

Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Review Article

Medical Communication Systems Utilizing Optical

Nanoantenna and Microstrip Technology

Munaf Fathi Badr*1, Ibrahim A. Murdas2, Ahmed Aldhahab2
1Mechanical Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

2Electrical Department, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq

Correspondance
*Munaf Fathi Badr
College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Email: munaf@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq

Abstract
Many technical approaches were implemented in the antenna manufacturing process to maintain the desired miniaturiza-
tion of the size of the antenna model which can be employed in various applied systems such as medical communication
systems. Furthermore, over the past several years, nanotechnology science has rapidly grown in a wide variety of
applications, which has given rise to novel ideas in the design of antennas based on nanoscale merits, leading to the use
of antennae as an essential linkage between the human body and the different apparatus of the medical communication
system. Some medical applications dealt with different antenna configurations, such as microstrip patch antenna or
optical nanoantenna in conjugate with sensing elements, controlling units, and monitoring instruments to maintain a
specified healthcare system. This study summarizes and presents a brief review of the recent applications of antennas in
different medical communication systems involving highlights, and drawbacks with explores recommended issues related
to using antennas in medical treatment.

Keywords
Microstrip patch antennas, Nanotechnology, Optical Nanoantennas, Medical Systems.

I. INTRODUCTION transmitting or receiving radio waves that serve as a bridge
between free space and a guiding mechanism in radio engi-
The word antenna was first introduced in the fifteenth century neering applications. Conventional antennas are widely used
as a compilation of Aristotle’s writings and used to assign a in a variety of communication systems with different prop-
lateen’s sailing yard including those of tents or ships [1]. It erties and configurations such as active loop antennas, horn
referred to the “Greek” word “Kerala” related to the “horns” antennas, mono loop antennas, wide pole antennas, and correc-
of insects and derived from the Latin language antenna which tion antennas [3]. The huge development in communication
combines the prefix ‘an’ which means ‘up’ and the Indo- apparatuses results in conventional antennas becoming unable
European root ten meaning ‘to stretch’ to point to various to respond to these enlarged requirements and increasing de-
kinds of posts. In the late nineteenth century, the scientist mands of high-speed communication systems, so different
Marconi presented the term antenna in the context of his first engineering techniques of manufacturing antennas employ-
wireless communication invention while performing wireless ing different industrial technologies such as nanotechnology
radio apparatus [2]. In his experiment, the antenna was rep- were carried out to realize the required performance of the
resented by an elevated sheet made of copper and connected communication systems [4]. Different antenna configurations
to a Righi spark gap that was powered by an inductive coil in the field of nanoantenna technology can be categorized as
via a telegraph key on-off switch to spell out text messages nanometer-scale antennae made of metallic structures that are
in Morse code [1]. With the rapid evolution in the aspects capable of enhancing the optical radiation interaction with
of modern life; An antenna was defined as a device used for

This is an open-access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
©2024 The Authors.
Published by Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering | College of Engineering, University of Basrah.

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