Page 146 - 2024-Vol20-Issue2
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142 | Badr, Murdas & Aldhahab
Fig. 9. The proposed nano shell bow-tie antenna in human Fig. 10. The schematic diagram of the proposed optical
tissue tumors for hyperthermia therapy [41]. antenna in [43].
gested bowtie nanoantennas in their various uses of medical nanoantenna can function as a sensor for a variety of ap-
treatments is depicted as shown in Fig.9. plications. A method of treating cancer based on an opti-
cal nano-antenna operating at Terahertz frequency bands has
In [42], an Infrared optical nanoantenna was presented to been described in [45]. It used a nano-antenna worked at
be used in the healthcare system for detecting and measuring 257.04THz to detect in-vivo cancer using a rectangular gold
blood glucose levels. The suggested technique employs an patch attached to a Gallium Arsenide substrate. It concluded
inverse geometry reflection flow cell, flushed by attached tube that gallium arsenide is poisonous and not biocompatible ap-
connections that feed the desired solutions into and out of the plicable. It was found that in order to prevent any damage to
flow cell. The major parts of the employed sensor are a vari- human tissues, a biocompatible layer of a suitable material
ety of linear gold antenna arrays produced by electron beam known as a superstrate may be put over the antenna.
lithography on transparent calcium fluoride substrates. It was In [46], a method of thermal ablation used electromagnetic
using the optical nanoantenna with the ability to modify and radiation transmitted through a nano-antenna and absorbed by
control the optical performance associated with the human the tissue, was used to heat cancer cells and prevent damage
body. to healthy cells. It was suggested that a nano-antenna config-
In [43], a plasmonic bow-tie nanoantenna operating in the uration with an L-shaped frame made from a gold patch and
near-infrared range was used to improve the temperature con- glass substrate could be inserted into biological liver tissue as
finement in the skin tissue. It used gold nanostructure with shown in Fig. 11. To optimize the nano-antenna, the radiation
silicon carbide dioxide to formulate the optical nanoantenna
at resonance wavelength (1064nm). The diameter of the pro- Fig. 11. Simplified layout of optical nano-antenna in liver
posed tumor tissue was equal to 100 nm at the position in the tissue in [46].
middle of the skin structure. These dimensions have been se-
lected according to the employed antenna structure as shown
in Fig. 10.
In [44], two distinct sensors were tested on a specific struc-
ture based on the spectra obtained from the parameter analysis.
The first one is based on a gold nanoantenna and the second
one is made from aluminum with an infrared gain peak (near
1000 nm). The simulations process for on-air–gold–quartz
and air–aluminum–quartz structures nanoantennas were per-
formed. It was found that a nanostructure built around a
