Page 18 - IJEEE-2022-Vol18-ISSUE-1

14 |
A major cause of newborn mortality throughout the
globe is hypothermia. While incubators that are presently
accessible are too expensive, dangerous, or ineffectual for
this disease to be treated in the poor world, there are other
methods that may be used to do so. We came up with an
incubator to fulfill the following specifications: Under $250
USD, adjustable temperature (gets temperatures between 27
to 37 degrees Celsius), accurate (has less than 2.5 percent
error), and insulated (falls only 2 degrees Celsius over 45
minutes in the event of a power outage). Simple to use, easy
to repair, and very clean and simple to use. Safe, can comply
with IEC standards for alarms, and easily shipped or
fabricated in country. In order to fulfill these requirements,
we constructed a wooden two-walled incubator, with one
acrylic window for convenience and an acrylic lid for
accessibility. The heating components are two commercial
low-power heating pads, which are changed in the event that
they become damaged. The heating pads are located in the
rear wall and floor, where they are used to both diffuse and
transmit heat. It needs 90 watts of electricity to power the
incubator. Temperature data from the baby is captured by a
thermistor and is sent to a microprocessor, which then
controls the heating components.
The heating capability of the incubator has been
extensively tested: a heated IV bag is filled with water and
inserted into the incubator, simulating a baby's body heat. To
demonstrate that the present incubator design can
successfully elevate a hypothermic Simi Baby (34°C) to a
temperature no lower than 37°C, we put the microcontroller
feedback system to work, adjusting the temperature within
1°C of the programmed setting. To ensure the final design
was very effective, we added an alarm system. Rice 360°:
The Institute for Global Health Technologies' incubator will
be sent to Malawi this summer to collect information from
health care providers. Clinical studies and testing will be
conducted in Malawian district hospitals.
Air temperature measurements in baby incubators,
which were conducted in [25-28] four incubators with
proportional heating control were used in addition to six
incubators with on/off heating cycles, in order to collect daily eddies. During hot-wire inspections, it was discovered that
air temperatures. There was no temperature differential
between the roof and mattress temperatures, and the air
temperatures remained consistent throughout. As compared
to earlier models, the records of later models revealed a
cyclical pattern with a range of cycle lengths, ranging from
14 to 44 minutes. Individual incubators had unique profiles.
Depending on the cycle, the temperature in the roof may
fluctuate between 7 1°C and 7 3°C while the temperature in
the mattress could range between 2 60C and 2 67C. In open-
ended hemispherical hemi-cylindrical heat shields, the
oscillation in air temperatures remained even though it was
much decreased in closed-ended hemispherical heat shields.
The concentration of carbon dioxide within the latter did not
rise substantially.
Because of chronic and hereditary illnesses, including
heart disease and diabetes, there was a rise in growth in [29]
owing to an underweight birth rate. Allowing the egg to enter
the incubator for a certain amount of time without incubators
due to the high cost of pricing, many children die. And who
knows, maybe the death of infants because of a lack of
Issa & Thabit
sufficient temperature regulation might be another possible
cause. The gathering of enough data has been obtained to
help address this issue and construct an incubator for
children to continue their growing at a cheap cost and with a
high degree of precision, which results in the preservation of
children's lives. An inexpensive microcontroller was utilized
to run the incubator's temperature and humidity
management. It sends signals to many other devices, which
helps raise and decrease the aforementioned variables.
Premature infants are those born before to thirty-seven weeks
of gestation. Prematurity is a serious issue in underdeveloped
nations, where 25% of all newborns are preterm. While the
World Health Organization (WHO) and Engineering World
Health (EWH) recognize the need for a portable baby
incubation unit that can be used just during transit, they argue
for a less expensive design that accomplishes the same goal.
An existing design with numerous modifications was
suggested for an incubation unit. The HVAC system will
incorporate the heating and humidity systems. An improved
humidity monitoring system has been installed along with a
control mechanism. This novel heating element uses coils
present in products including toasters, toaster ovens, and
refrigerators. The design's safety and effectiveness were
assessed using data on the size and thermal parameters of a
preterm infant. Simulink modeling of the incubator and a
model of a baby will be used to better understand the
thermodynamics of the system.
Within [30] preterm or low-birth-weight neonate within
an incubator has an impact on the environment because of
the effects of thermo-neutrality. Shivering, hypothermia, and
apnea are caused by infant hypothermia and air flow and air
velocity within an incubator, respectively. The research
simulated newborn incubator airflow using hot-wire velocity
measurements, flow visualizations, and computational fluid
dynamics. The 3D laser scanning technology and fast
prototyping machine help designers build anatomically
accurate models of neonates. Flow visualizations show that
a significant number of tiny moving eddies are created in the
chamber as a result of rotating airflow, while at the same
time, the air intake exhibits a high number of stationary
the air velocity across the lengthy inlets was not even.
According to computational fluid dynamics, the neonate's
anterior region stays fairly consistent at a temperature of
approximately 34°C, with the maximum temperature
measured near the right armpit and the crotch being 36.1 °C.
Both qualitatively and statistically, flow fields computed
from flow visualizations, hot-wire observations, and
computational fluid dynamics are very comparable.
Convective and evaporative heat fluxes from the neonate
may be impaired by the tiny eddies generated between the
newborn and the bedding. Eddies should thus be eliminated
in newborn incubators in the future.
Between [31] Premature birth complications are the
most significant causes of mortality in children who are five
years old or younger. So, it is important to take great care of
these infants during the initial weeks or months after they are
born. Because the cost of incubators in Peru is prohibitive for
most families, this project focuses on developing a low-cost
home incubator with telemetry. Temperature and humidity