Page 6 - 2023-Vol19-Issue2

2|
increase network lifetime.
In this paper an adaptive routing method is suggested. The
main goal of the suggested method is guarantee energy exhaus-
tion balance and maximize network lifetime. The suggested
algorithm introduces new improved routing algorithm using
firefly optimization technique. The algorithm suggests deter-
mination of optimal path from nodes to sink so that energy is
balanced which will leads to maximize network throughput
and lifetime.
The paper is organized as follows. Section II demonstrate
related work. Section III demonstrates suggested method.
Section IV states experimental settings. Section V demon-
strates simulation results. Section VI states the conclusion.
II. RELATED WORK
The design of energy efficient system is the primary con-
sideration in WSNs. Routing protocols is widely used in
WSNs to minimize energy exhaustion and maximize network
lifetime. Routing techniques is responsible for finding the
optimum path to send packets from sensor nodes to sink. The
feasible routing protocol is related for finding the optimal
path while ensuring minimum energy consumption. Finally,
network lifetime is prolonged. Prolonging network lifetime
has gained significant interest in recent years.
K. R. Sharma et al. [7] proposed a firefly algorithm which its
mission to solve routing algorithm in WSNs. The algorithm
used a simplified cost function that uses the packet drop factor nodes to sink in a manner that ensure energy consumption
with residual energy. The suggested algorithm is compared
with BAT algorithm. The results showed that the proposed
algorithm is better than BAT algorithm in terms of throughput,
PDR and packet loss ratio.
The work proposed by K. Gupta and Amandeep [8] proposed
an algorithm that uses the firefly optimization for hierarchal
clustering network problem. The algorithm has been applied
for finding the best cluster head in homogenous or heteroge-
nous paradigm. The algorithm is repeated every time period
to find the best clustering distributing of sensor nodes. The
results showed an improvement in network stability and how
network is improved when using LEACH and TEEN proto-
cols.
R. Elavarasan and K. Chitra [9] suggested a firefly algorithm
for solving the localization problem in WSNs beside using an
optimized routing. This work is implemented in three stages
which are the clustering stage, optimum routing stage, and
nodes mobility is applied. The main objective of this algo-
rithm is adopting how clustering mechanism is optimized to
find better node location to implement better link quality with
work balance. Simulation results show an improvement in
network life time and throughput.
The work proposed by Mamatha K. and Kiran M. [10] pro-
posed a firefly algorithm for self-organizing in mobile WSN.
Leabi
The suggested algorithm used multi-objective parameters cost
function which depends on energy and distance of nodes. The
distance function is used for optimizing the location of mobile
nodes in network. The node with nearest distance and highest
energy is selected. Results show better connectivity and an
improvement in network lifetime.
Muhammad F. et al. [11] proposed a dynamic firefly mating
algorithm for implementing FFRP routing protocol for un-
derwater WSNs which is used for monitoring applications.
The algorithm is used for finding the optimum path for send-
ing data by self-organizing method in large scale networks.
Multi hop routing is considered in these networks. Simulation
results demonstrates that the suggested routing scheme has
improve the network reliability and efficiency by balancing
load traffic.
The work proposed by Q. Ding et al. [12] suggested a routing
protocol that based on machine learning algorithms. The hy-
pothetic manners of ML are used for making the decision for
path selecting criteria. The decision is established using MDP
method, then the ML algorithms has used to formulate the
optimum solution. Simulation results showed that the network
reach high efficiency and rank high throughput metrics.
S. Leabi and T. Abdalla [13] proposed an adaptive fuzzy logic
routing algorithm for maximizing lifetime in wireless sensor
networks. The fuzzy logic is used to find the optima path to
send packets from sensor nodes towards the sink. They pro-
pose a fuzzy algorithm to find the optimum path from sensor
balance. This manner ensure that the lifetime is prolonged
and thruputs are increased. Results show an increase in net-
work lifetime compared with classical methods. The proposed
algorithm is intelligent and efficient and regarded as new in-
troduction in the area of routing protocols in WSNs.
S. Leabi and T. Abdalla [14] proposed a swarm intelligence
routing protocol for maximizing lifetime in WSNs. This pro-
tocol involves using ant colony algorithm (ACO) as routing
method to find the optimum path from nodes to sink. This
method ensures that the optimum path from sensor nodes to
sink is reached along with balancing energy consumption. Bal-
ancing energy consumption led to prolong network lifetime.
Results show a great increase in network lifetime compared
with shortest path methods. This method is intelligent and
efficient and can be regarded for new area of routing methods.
III. THE PROPOSED METHOD
The suggested routing protocol comprise firefly algorithm.
The purpose of this technique is reach energy consuming
balance to enforce maximization of net lifetime. Firefly algo-
rithm is hired to compute optimum route for transmitting data
from sensor nodes toward sink. In this paper we suppose a
scheduling that mimics time driven routing. This means every