Page 5 - 2023-Vol19-Issue2

Received: 14 November 2022 | Revised: 25 December 2022 | Accepted: 25 December 2022

DOI: 10.37917/ijeee.19.2.1 Vol. 19 | Issue 2| December 2023

Open Access

Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Original Article

New Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in Wireless

Sensor Networks Using Firefly Algorithm

Safaa Khudair Leabi*
Technical Engineering College - Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq

Correspondance
*Safaa Khudair Leabi
Technical Engineering College-Baghdad,
Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
Email: dr.safakhudair@mtu.edu.iq

Abstract
Energy constraint has become the major challenge for designing wireless sensor networks. Network lifetime is considered
as the most substantial metric in these networks. Routing technique is one of the best choices for maintaining network
lifetime. This paper demonstrates implementation of new methodology of routing in WSN using firefly swarm intelligence.
Energy consumption is the dominant issue in wireless sensor networks routing. For network cutoff avoidance while
maximize net lifetime energy exhaustion must be balanced. Balancing energy consumption is the key feature for rising
nets lifetime of WSNs. This routing technique involves determination of optimal route from node toward sink to make
energy exhaustion balance in network and in the same time maximize network throughput and lifetime. The proposed
technique show that it is better than other some routing techniques like Dijkstra routing, Fuzzy routing, and ant colony
(ACO) routing technique. Results demonstrate that the proposed routing technique has beat the three routing techniques
in throughput and extend net lifetime.

Keywords
Adaptive Routing, Wsn, Network Lifetime, Firefly Algorithm.

I. INTRODUCTION physical environment and send it to sink. sensors send data
to sink in each time duration. The collected data may be tem-
Recent developments in recent years show serious progress perature, pressure, image, video, etc. This makes the global
in wireless networking. These developments made the wire- monitoring using WSN [5],[6]. Due to limited resources of
less sensor networks useful for several applications such as nodes serves the designers to do network energy treatment.
such as medical and health, security surveillance, habitat mon- Energy exhaustion must be managed and balanced. One of
itoring, military reconnaissance, disaster management, in- the best techniques is routing. Balancing energy exhaustion
dustrial automation, etc.[1],[2],[3],[4]. Wireless sensor net- leads lifetime and throughputs maximization. If energy ex-
works are extremely revolved for monitoring physical envi- haustion is not well managed, net lifetime reduced extremely
ronment. Due to energy constrains and low capabilities of and network partition reach fast [5],[6]. The main objective
nodes. Energy reservation plays as serious key in these net- of routing method is choosing the best route from a sensor
works [1]. when multi-hop communication is used, this would node to sink. Avoiding send path with same route can make
reduce the sending distance in addition for net lifetime in- energy exhaustion balance and therefore the lifetime will be
crease [2],[3],[4],[5],[6]. WSN are compose of a group of increased. If the same path is used for sending data, like
sensor nodes. Sensor nodes have limited resources. Each Dijkstra routing, network partition time would be small due
node consists of four parts: a processer, sensor, transceiver, to power spent for some nodes and except others. Change
and battery. The most part exhaust power is the transceiver. data path every time will make energy exhaustion balance and
Sensor nodes have the responsibility of gathering data from

This is an open-access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
©2023 The Authors.
Published by Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering | College of Engineering, University of Basrah.

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