Page 104 - 2023-Vol19-Issue2

Received: 1 April 2023 | Revised: 30 April 2023 | Accepted: 30 April 2023

DOI: 10.37917/ijeee.19.2.12 Vol. 19 | Issue 2 | December 2023

Open Access

Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Original Article

Design of Compact Wideband/Bi-Band Frequency

Reconfigurable Antenna for IoT Applications

Duaa H. Abdulzahra *, Falih M. Alnahwi, Abdulkareem S. Abdullah
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

Correspondance
* Duaa H. Abdulzahra
Electrical Engineering Department
University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
Email: doaah.hakim@uobasrah.edu.iq

Abstract
This paper discusses the design and performance of a frequency reconfigurable antenna for Internet of Things (IoT)
applications. The antenna is designed to operate on multiple frequency bands and be reconfigurable to adjust to different
communication standards and environmental conditions. The antenna design consists of monopole with one PIN diode
and 50? feed line. By changing the states of the diode, the antenna can be reconfigured to operate in a dual-band mode
and a wideband mode. The performance of the antenna was evaluated through simulation. The antenna demonstrated
good impedance matching, acceptable gain, and stable radiation patterns across the different frequency bands. The
antenna has compact dimensions of (26×19×1.6) mm3. It covers the frequency range 2.95 GHz -8.2 GHz, while the
coverage of the dual- band mode is (2.7-3.8) GHz and (4.57-7.4) GHz. The peak gain is 1.57 dBi for the wideband mode
with omnidirectional radiation pattern. On the other hand, the peak gain of the dual-band mode is 0.87 dBi at 3 GHz
and 0.47 dBi at 6 GHz with an omnidirectional radiation pattern too.

Keywords
Wideband Antenna, Dual-Band, Reflection Coefficient, IoT Applications.

I. INTRODUCTION applications [8], [9].

The reconfigurable antenna is an antenna that can be elec- Reconfigurable antennas have several advantages over tra-
tronically adjusted to operate on different frequencies or ra- ditional fixed antennas, including increased flexibility, adapt-
diation patterns. These antennas are designed to be adapted ability, and functionality. They can be used in a wide range of
to variable signal environments, such as different frequencies, applications, such as wireless communication systems, radar,
polarizations, or directions of radiation. Reconfigurable an- and satellite systems, where their ability to overcome the harsh
tennas typically use one or more tuning elements, such as conditions of these channels can improve the performance and
varactors, PIN diodes, or MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical reliability of the entire system. However, the challenge of the
Systems) switches to change their operating frequency or radi- design and implementation of reconfigurable antennas is se-
ation pattern. By changing the configuration of these elements, rious since it requires careful optimization of the antenna
the antenna can be re-tuned to operate at different resonant structure, tuning elements, and control circuitry. In addition,
frequencies or to adjust its radiation pattern to focus its energy reconfigurable antennas may have higher complexity and cost
in a specific direction [1], [2]. In recent years, a number of compared to fixed antennas [10], [11], [12].
different configurations of reconfigurable microstrip antennas
have been presented [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. Microstrip antennas Reconfigurable antennas can be used in Internet of Things
are widely used because of their skinny, low-cost, lightweight, (IoT) applications to adapt their operation to variable envi-
and low profile, which make them suitable for space-limited ronments of the channels in order to improve wireless com-
munication performance. In IoT systems, reconfigurable an-

This is an open-access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
©2023 The Authors.
Published by Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering | College of Engineering, University of Basrah.

https://doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.19.2.12 |https://www.ijeee.edu.iq 100