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98 |                                                              Al-Ansarry, Al-Darraji & Honi

      Fig. 8. Snapshots of Real-Time Dynamic Path Planning

of the Dijkstra algorithm.                                        environments, such as 3D environments and environments
                                                                  with multiple robots. These improvements and extensions
                   IV. CONCLUSION                                 will further demonstrate the potential of the proposed method
                                                                  for mobile robotics applications.
In this paper, a new path planning method was proposed that
combines the strengths of Dijkstra’s algorithm and the Poten-                   CONFLICT OF INTEREST
tial Field obstacle avoidance method to provide a robust and
efficient solution for online path planning in 2D environments    The authors have no conflict of relevant interest to this article.
with dynamic obstacles. The proposed method (Dynamic D-
PF) consists of two phases: Path Generation, Path Selection.                           REFERENCES
The results of the experiments showed that the proposed Dy-
namic D-PF method outperformed the basic methods (Dijkstra         [1] M. Castillo-Lopez, P. Ludivig, S. A. Sajadi-Alamdari,
and Potential Field) in terms of path Optimality (short and             J. L. Sanchez-Lopez, M. A. Olivares-Mendez, and
smooth) and safety (obstacles-free). The results also demon-            H. Voos, “A real-time approach for chance-constrained
strate the effectiveness of the proposed method and provide             motion planning with dynamic obstacles,” IEEE
evidence for its possible use in real-world applications. On the        Robotics and Automation Letters, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 3620–
other side, the proposed method has some limitations (takes             3625, 2020.
more time compared to Dijkstra and Potential Field each sep-
arately). Future work will focus on improving the robustness       [2] P. E. Hart, N. J. Nilsson, and B. Raphael, “A formal basis
and efficiency of the proposed method. Additionally, the pro-           for the heuristic determination of minimum cost paths,”
posed method will be tested in more complex and realistic               IEEE transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics,
                                                                        vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 100–107, 1968.
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