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Fig. 8. Diagram showing the bifurcation of a ? [0, 1.4].
Henon Map with a = 1.4
In 2021 Haris Aziz [25], a new encryption method is of-
fered for audio applications that require real-time processing.
Principles of confusion and diffusion form the foundation of
the proposed scheme’s framework. Mordell elliptic curves
(MEC) and a symmetric group of permutations S8 are applied
to the confusion to incorporate nonlinearity. The utilization
of chaotic maps enhances the proposed scheme’s durability
even more. In defense applications, especially in conflict
zones, the suggested scheme is meant to meet the needs of
real-time voice communications. Multiple S-box applications
have resulted in more robust cryptosystems with substantial
confusion and dispersion. The multiple S8 MEC S-box col-
lection enhances the security of the suggested scheme and is
very relevant to the current target application case. Fig. 12.
illustrates the case, in which eight identical pixel values are
modified using eight distinct S-boxes and one single S-box.
The graphic shows that whereas several S-box transformations
result in unique values and improved correlation, transforma-
tion with a single S-box had no effect on correlation. By
utilizing numerous S-boxes to create a transformation effect,
the cryptosystem may be optimized to meet the necessary
security level with fewer rounds.
In 2018, M.Y. Mohamed Parvees, et al [26], created a method
for efficiently shuffling audio bytes by utilizing several chaotic
maps. The audio encryption method creates sequences us-
ing the chaotic economic map and the Henon map. The se-
quences become interdependent with one another because of
the system’s efficient algorithm. The suggested algorithm
will become more sensitive and complex as a result of this
interdependency.
In 2017, S. J. Sheela [27], proposed a new audio cryptosys-
Shumran & Al-Hussein
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0
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Fig. 9. The time waveform of the signal of the chaotic Henon
function.
Fig. 10. Encryption scheme, adopted from [24].
tem based on chaotic maps, hybrid chaotic shift transform
(HCST), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encoding rules.
The scheme uses chaotic maps such as two-dimensional modi-
fied Henon map (2D-MHM) and standard map. An additional
tool that improves the cryptosystem’s security is DNA encod-
ing technology. Using distinct encryption/decryption quality
metrics, the algorithm’s performance is assessed for a range
of speech signals. Nonetheless, diverse analyses indicated
that the algorithm is appropriate for narrow-band radio trans-
mission. .To improve the algorithm’s security performance
and key space, two chaotic maps are employed. Diffusion and
confusion are used, respectively, to alter the speech samples’
values and shuffle their locations at random. Fig. 13. displays
the encryption scheme’s whole design.
In 2016, Amina Mahdi et al [28], a new stream cipher sys-
tem has been presented in which the bit stream is generated
from the Henon map by using three different methods so as
to achieve a sequence of zeros and ones similar in properties
to Pseudo Random Number (PRN) code. The first method is
the analog-to-digital convertor method (ADC) which is used