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TABLE II.
COMPARISON OF SECURITY FEATURES

Mutual Authentication [v22] v[13] [v15] [23] [22] v[11] vProposed Scheme

Anonymous Untraceable v v v ×v v× v v

Forward Secrecy v vvvv

Unlinkability × v× v v v v

Impersonal attack ×× v

Protected from a Stolen PDi Attack × v× v× v× ×v ×v v
Insider Attack × vvvv

Key Agreement and Freshness v× ×v ×v v v v v

MITM Attack vvvvvvv

Replay Attack vvv

DoS Attack DDos ×v v× ×v × v

Eavesdropping Attack vvv× × × v

Forged Sensor ×××

Smart Factor × × × ×v v× × ×v
Healthcare ××× ×

TABLE III. number of devices and users grows, it becomes increasingly
COMPARISON OF COMPUTATIONAL COST difficult to manage and maintain the authentication infrastruc-
ture. The complex is a difficult for users to understand and
Scheme Registration Login and Total Cost implement them. This can lead to a low adoption rate and a
Phase lack of trust in the system.
Authentication
[22] 2Th+ 1T CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Phases
[13] 1Th+ The authors have no conflict of relevant interest to this
2T +1T|| 13Th+6T 15Th+7T article.
˜0.0345
[14] 2Th+ 6T REFERENCES
8Th+13T +16T|| 9Th+15T +17T||
Our 3Th+ T ˜0.0207 [1] O. Ali, M. K. Ishak, M. K. L. Bhatti, I. Khan, and K.-
I. Kim, “A comprehensive review of internet of things:
16Th+29T 18Th+35T ˜ Technology stack, middlewares, and fog/edge computing
0.0414 interface,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 3, p. 995, 2022.

4Th+2T +2T|| 7Th+3T +2T|| [2] L. Babangida, T. Perumal, N. Mustapha, and R. Yaakob,
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COMMUNICATION COST
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Link 200 232 384 bits of ICRIC 2021, Volume 1, pp. 213–229, 2022.
bits bits
Si ? PDi 192 328 232 384 bits [4] C. Bayilmis¸, M. A. Ebleme, U¨ . C¸ avus¸og?lu, K. Ku¨cu¨k,
bits bits and A. Sevin, “A survey on communication protocols
bits 320 192 128 bits and performance evaluations for internet of things,”
bits bits Digital Communications and Networks, vol. 8, no. 6,
PDi ? AS 320 192 192 - pp. 1094–1104, 2022.
bits bits
bits 1040 848 896 bits
bits bits
AS? PDi 320

bits

PDi ? Si 192

bits

Total 1024

bits