Page 110 - IJEEE-2023-Vol19-ISSUE-1

106 | Abed, Wali, & Alaziz

(b) v=1 m/s (a) Oil
(b) Gas

(c) v=2.5 m/s (c) Water
Fig. 8: Continued. Fig. 9: Velocity profile of various fluids.

Fig. 9, shows the temperature contours for various Fig. 12, shows the comparison in pressure distribution
fluids. The gas fluid has a maximum temperature gradient, between water, gas, and oil for various velocities. The
while the minimum water gradient is observed in the water pressure distribution of oil is the maximum value for whole
case. The thermal conductivity of gas is less than oil, and inlet velocity values. The viscous forces, due to dead zones,
water has maximum thermal conductivity. The gas acts as can be exhibited as pressure drop. The maximum pressure
thermal insulation from the pipe wall and bulk fluid. The drop indicates boundary layer development where the
leakage can be detected by the mean of temperature laminar flow is performed. Fig. 13, shows the comparison in
distribution easily. Fig. 10, shows the comparison of pressure distribution in gas for various velocities. The
temperature distribution between water, gas, and oil for increase in velocity increases pressure values. The velocity
various velocities. The temperature distribution of gas is the component converts into pressure forces using energy
minimum value for whole inlet velocity values. The physical conservation. Fig. 14, illustrates a Pressure comparison
properties, especially the thermal characteristics of the gas, between leaks, non-leaks, and non-leak-non-ball cases
are less than oil and water, such as thermal conductivity. The where oil flows in 2.5 m/s. The leakage case promotes
heat energy due to pressure sound is restricted by the thermal negative pressure values near the pressure region while the
properties of the used fluid. The higher temperature whole pressure values are positive in the absence of leakage.
difference between the inflow and outflow of the pipeline in Leaks can easily cause sudden changes in pressure
the natural gas case indicates that the physical properties distribution.
(thermal properties) of natural gas are less than the liquids.
The temperature difference in the gas case decreases as inlet
velocity increases. Fig. 11, shows the comparison of the
temperature distribution in gas for various velocities. The
maximum velocity (2.5 m/s) provides a minimum
temperature gradient, and the temperature gradient decreases
as velocity increases. The increasing velocity enhances the
cold and hot fluid particles, maximizing heat transfer
tendency.