In this paper, a modified wavelet neural network (WNN) (or wavenet)-based predictor is introduced to predict link status (congestion with load indication) of each link in the computer network. On the contrary of previous wavenet-based predictors, the proposed modified wavenet-based link state predictor (MWBLSP) generates two indicating outputs for congestion and load status of each link based on th e premeasured power burden (square values) of utilization on each link in the previous time intervals. Fortunately, WNNs possess all learning and generalization capabilities of traditional neural networks. In addition, the ability of such WNNs are efficiently enhanced by the local characteristics of wavelet functions to deal with sudden changes and burst network load. The use of power burden utilization at the predictor input supports some non-linear distri butions of the predicted values in a more efficient manner. The proposed MWBLSP pre dictor can be used in the context of active congestion control and link load balancing techniques to improve the performance of all links in the network with best utilization of network resources.
In this paper, a two-dimensional (2-D) circular-support wavelet transform (2-D CSWT) is presented. 2-D CSWT is a new geometrical image transform, which can efficiently represent images using 2-D circular spectral split schemes (circularly- decomposed frequency subspaces). 2-D all-pass functions and lattice structure are used to produce 1-level circular symmetric 2-D discrete wavelet transform with approximate linear phase 2-D filters. The classical one-dimensional (1-D) analysis Haar filter bank branches H 0 (z) and H 1 (z) which work as low-pass and high-pass filters, respectively are transformed into their 2-D counterparts H 0 (z 1 ,z 2 ) and H 1 (z 1 ,z 2 ) by applying a circular-support version of the digital spectral transformation (DST). The designed 2-D wavelet filter bank is realized in a separable architecture. The proposed architecture is simulated using Matlab program to measure the deflection ratio (DR) of the high frequency coefficient to evaluate its performance and compare it with the performance of the classical 2-D wavelet architecture. The correlation factor between the input and reconstructed images is also calculated for both architectures. The FPGA (Spartan-3E) Kit is used to implement the resulting architecture in a multiplier-less manner and to calculate the die area and the critical path or maximum frequency of operation. The achieved multiplier-less implementation takes a very small area from FPGA Kit (the die area in 3-level wavelet decomposition takes 300 slices with 7% occupation ratio only at a maximum frequency of 198.447 MHz).
Wavelet-based algorithms are increasingly used in the source coding of remote sensing, satellite and other geospatial imagery. At the same time, wavelet-based coding applications are also increased in robust communication and network transmission of images. Although wireless multimedia sensors are widely used to deliver multimedia content due to the availability of inexpensive CMOS cameras, their computational and memory resources are still typically very limited. It is known that allowing a low-cost camera sensor node with limited RAM size to perform a multi-level wavelet transform, will in return limit the size of the acquired image. Recently, fractional wavelet filter technique became an interesting solution to reduce communication energy and wireless bandwidth, for resource-constrained devices (e.g. digital cameras). The reduction in the required memory in these fractional wavelet transforms is achieved at the expense of the image quality. In this paper, an adaptive fractional artifacts reduction approach is proposed for efficient filtering operations according to the desired compromise between the effectiveness of artifact reduction and algorithm simplicity using some local image features to reduce boundaries artifacts caused by fractional wavelet. Applying such technique on different types of images with different sizes using CDF 9/7 wavelet filters results in a good performance.
The aim of this paper is to design and evaluate hop calculations and system performance for line of sight (LOS) radio relay links utilizing a simplified proposed procedure. Such a procedure is simulated for the determination of both hop calculations and system performance. The practical procedure of this paper has been ordered in a manner to solve up to 95% of the hop design problems encountered in practice. Two examples with different specifications and different required outage time are examined to fulfill the Committee Consultative International Radio (CCIR) recommendations.