Cover
Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026)

Published: June 15, 2026

Pages: 128-141

Original Article

A LVRT Control Strategy of PMSG BasedWind Farm Under Different Grid Faults

Ahmed Muthanna Nori 1 Ali Kadhim Abdulabbas 1
1 Electrical Engineering Department, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
History
  • Received: March 8, 2024
  • Revised: April 23, 2024
  • Accepted: April 25, 2024
  • Available Online: June 15, 2026
DOI

https://doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.22.1.13

Abstract

Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECSs) have experienced significant growth in recent years.Among various types of generators employed in WECSs,Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSGs) are an attractive choice among the wide variety of wind generators due to several advantages.The growing penetration of PMSG-based WEGSs into the worldwide electrical grid raises the concern that the failure of wind turbine generators may potentially result in the collapse of the system.This prompted several countries to adopt the Low-Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) for wind farms.LVRT is the capability to maintain the connection between the wind farm and the grid during certain periods of voltage sag.This paper presents an efficient LVRT control strategy for a 12.0MW (6*2MW) grid-connected PMSG-based Wind Farm (PMSG-WF).The proposed strategy aims to enhance the power quality and amount of injected power to achieve the grid code requirements by integrating a Braking Chopper (BC) and a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) with the conventional structure of PMSG-WF. The detailed mathematical models for a wind turbine, PMSG, power converters, DVR system, and grid model are utilized to analyze the dynamic behavior and operation of PMSG-WF.For DVR, a PI controller is used for voltage sag mitigation to inject reactive power during grid faults, while a hysteresis controller-based BC system is utilized to keep DC-link voltage within its permissible limits.The proposed system is exposed to three scenarios of symmetrical and asymmetrical grid fault conditions (single-phase, two-phase, and three-phase faults) at the point of common coupling to evaluate its dynamic response.MATLAB/SIMULINK environment is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy during the studied scenarios.The results show the superiority of DVR in improving the voltage stability of PMSG-WF and maintaining the uninterrupted operation of the grid during different grid faults.

Keywords

References

  1. M. M. Mahmoud, B. S. Atia, Y. M. Esmail, M. Bajaj, D. E. MbadjounWapet, M. K. Ratib, M. Biplob Hossain, K. M. AboRas, and A.-M. M. Abdel-Rahim, “Evaluation and comparison of different methods for improving fault ride-through capability in grid-tied permanent magnet synchronous wind generators,” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 2023, pp. 1–22, 2023.
  2. H. Geng, L. Liu, and R. Li, “Synchronization and reactive current support of pmsg-based wind farm during severe grid fault,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1596–1604, 2018.
  3. P. T. Nguyen, S. St¨udli, J. Braslavsky, and R. Middleton, “Coordinated control for low voltage ride through in pmsg wind turbines,” IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 51, no. 28, pp. 672–677, 2018.
  4. H.-J. Lee, S.-H. Lim, and J.-C. Kim, “Application of a superconducting fault current limiter to enhance the low-voltage ride-through capability of wind turbine generators,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 8, p. 1478, 2019.
  5. K. E. Okedu, M. Al Tobi, and S. Al Araimi, “Comparative study of the effects of machine parameters on dfig and pmsg variable speed wind turbines during grid fault,” Frontiers in Energy Research, vol. 9, p. 681443, 2021.
  6. Y. Belkhier, T. Makhlouf, R. N. Shaw, A. Achour, and M. Bajaj, “Novel energy-based speed control of gridconnecting pmsg wind system,” in 2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies (GUCON), pp. 1–6, IEEE, 2021.
  7. Y. Errami, A. Obbadi, and S. Sahnoun, “A survey of control strategies for grid connected wind energy conversion system based permanent magnet synchronous generator and fed by multi-level converters,” International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 51–63, 2020.
  8. L. Yuan, K. Meng, J. Huang, Z. Y. Dong, W. Zhang, and X. Xie, “Development of hvrt and lvrt control strategy for pmsg-based wind turbine generators,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 20, p. 5442, 2020.
  9. M. Nasiri, J. Milimonfared, and S. Fathi, “A review of low-voltage ride-through enhancement methods for permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind turbines,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 47, pp. 399–415, 2015.
  10. K. Ma, M. Soltani, A. Hajizadeh, J. Zhu, and Z. Chen, “Wind farm power optimization and fault ride-through under inter-turn short-circuit fault,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 11, p. 3072, 2021.
  11. X. Tian, P. Cheng, L. Wei, G. Li, H. Jiao, and H. Liu, “Transient stability and frt technologies of different synchronous wind turbine,” Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 363– 373, 2022.
  12. E. F. Morgan, O. Abdel-Rahim, T. F. Megahed, J. Suehiro, and S. M. Abdelkader, “Fault ride-through techniques for permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbines (pmsg-wtgs): A systematic literature review,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 23, p. 9116, 2022.
  13. M. Nasiri and A. Arzani, “Robust control scheme for the braking chopper of pmsg-based wind turbines–a comparative assessment,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 134, p. 107322, 2022.
  14. B. Chandrika and B. Sujatha, “Voltage sag mitigation for pmsg system using dvr based hybrid fuzzy logic controller,” in Innovations in Electrical and Electronics Engineering: Proceedings of the 4th ICIEEE 2019, pp. 503–513, Springer, 2020.
  15. P. K. Kesavan, U. Subramaniam, D. J. Almakhles, and S. Selvam, “Modelling and coordinated control of grid connected photovoltaic, wind turbine driven pmsg, and energy storage device for a hybrid dc/ac microgrid,” Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 154–167, 2024.
  16. D. Pathak, S. Bhati, and P. Gaur, “Fractional-order nonlinear pid controller based maximum power extraction method for a direct-driven wind energy system,” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 30, no. 12, p. e12641, 2020.
  17. C. Kim and W. Kim, “Enhanced low-voltage ridethrough coordinated control for pmsg wind turbines and energy storage systems considering pitch and inertia response,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 212557–212567, 2020.
  18. M. Abdelrahem and R. Kennel, “Fault-ride through strategy for permanent-magnet synchronous generators in variable-speed wind turbines,” Energies, vol. 9, no. 12, p. 1066, 2016.
  19. C. Kim and W. Kim, “Low-voltage ride-through coordinated control for pmsg wind turbines using de-loaded operation,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 66599–66606, 2021.
  20. K. H.-M. Nguyen, Thai-Thanh and H. S. Yang, “Impacts of an lvrt control strategy of offshore wind farms on the hts power cable,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 1194, 2020.
  21. E. M. Boulaoutaq, A. Aziz, A. El Magri, A. Abbou, M. Ajaamoum, and A. Rachdy, “Low-voltage ridethrough capability improvement of type-3 wind turbine through active disturbance rejection feedback controlbased dynamic voltage restorer,” Clean Energy, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1091–1109, 2023.
  22. A. Sedaghat, A. Hassanzadeh, J. Jamali, A. Mostafaeipour, and W.-H. Chen, “Determination of rated wind speed for maximum annual energy production of variable speed wind turbines,” Applied energy, vol. 205, pp. 781–789, 2017.
  23. Z. Kang and J. Li, “Zero-voltage ride-through scheme of pmsg wind power system based on nleso and gftsmc,” Electronics, vol. 12, no. 20, p. 4348, 2023.
  24. F. Hassanzadeh, H. Sangrody, A. Hajizadeh, and S. Akhlaghi, “Back-to-back converter control of gridconnected wind turbine to mitigate voltage drop caused by faults, conference: 49th north american power symposium, september 2017,” 2017.
  25. N. Abas, S. Dilshad, A. Khalid, M. S. Saleem, and N. Khan, “Power quality improvement using dynamic voltage restorer,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 164325– 164339, 2020.
  26. S. A. Dayo, S. Memon, M. Uqaili, and Z. A. Memon, “Lvrt enhancement of a grid-tied pmsg-based wind farm using static var compensator,” Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 7146– 7151, 2021.