Cover
Vol. 21 No. 2 (2025)

Published: December 16, 2025

Pages: 145-159

Original Article

W-GPSR Routing Based on Mobility Prediction for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET)

Raneen AL-Essa 1 Ghaida Al-Suhail
1Department of Computer Engineering, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
History
  • Received: June 2, 2023
  • Revised: September 30, 2023
  • Accepted: February 16, 2024
  • Available Online: January 21, 2025
DOI

https://doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.21.2.15

Abstract

In recent years, Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) innovation has been regarded as a significant research area. This is owing to the increasing popularity of vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications in the area of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) to improve traffic management, safety, CO2 emission mitigation, and other applications. A variety of routing protocols for VANETs are being recently developed. More specifically, geographic-based routing algorithms such as Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) have provoked the most interest in VANETs due to their compatibility with a regularly changing network structure and the highly unsteady nature of automobile nodes. This paper proposes an efficient weight based mobility method in VANET to improve the mechanism of the GPSR protocol through optimizing the greedy forwarding strategy; which is so called O-Greedy Mode. Therefore, the key goal is to achieve the optimal data forwarding paths. The next hop is determined by estimating the neighbors’ mobility based on each neighbor’s Greedy Link Weight Factor (GLWF). The Weighted GPSR (W-GPSR) based on Mobility Prediction is then evaluated using OMNeT++ simulator with Inet, Veins and SUMO traffic simulator. The results demonstrate the efficiency of W-GPSR in contrast with the traditional existing protocols for essential metrics of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), throughput, End-to-End Delay (E2ED), Normalized Routing Load (NRL) and Packet Loss Ratio (PLR).

Keywords

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