In this paper, a new method based on the combination of the Teaching-learning-based-optimization (TLBO) and Black-hole (BH) algorithm has been proposed for the reconfiguration of distribution networks in order to reduce active power losses and improve voltage profile in the presence of distributed generation sources. The proposed method is applied to the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system. The results show that the proposed method can be a very promising potential method for solving the reconfiguration problem in distribution systems and has a significant effect on loss reduction and voltage profile improvement.
Network reconfiguration in distribution system is realized by changing the status of sectionalizing switches, and is usually done for the purpose of loss reduction. Loss reduction can result in substantial benefits for a utility. Other benefits from loss reduction include increased system capacity, and possible deferment or elimination of capital expenditures for system improvements and expansion. There is also improved voltage regulation as a result of reducing feeder voltage drop. Research work included by this paper focuses on using branch exchange method to minimize losses and solve the problems over different radial configuration. Solution’s algorithm for loss minimization has been developed based on two stages of solution methodology. The first stage determines maximum loss-reduction loop by comparing the size of circles for every loop. In a distribution system, a loop is associated by a tie-line and hence there are several loops in the system. To obtain the maximum loss- reduction loop, size of modified zero loss-change circles are compared, and the loop within the largest circle is identified for maximum loss-reduction. The second stage determines the switching operation to be executed in that loop to reach a minimum loss network configuration by comparing the size of the loop circle for each branch-exchange. The smallest circle is to be identified for the best solution; the size of the loop circle is reduced when the losses are minimized. The performance of the proposed branch exchange method is tested on 16-bus distribution systems.
The incredible growth of FPGA capabilities in recent years and the new included features have made them more and more attractive for numerous embedded systems. There is however an important shortcoming concerning security of data and design. Data security implies the protection of the FPGA application in the sense that the data inside the circuit and the data transferred to/from the peripheral circuits during the communication are protected. This paper suggests a new method to support the security of any FPGA platform using network processor technology. Low cost IP2022 UBICOM network processor was used as a security shield in front of any FPGA device. It was supplied with the necessary security methods such as AES ciphering engine, SHA-1, HMAC and an embedded firewall to provide confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and packets filtering features.