Cover
Vol. 19 No. 1 (2023)

Published: June 30, 2023

Pages: 1-11

Original Article

Control Strategy for a PV-BESS-SC Hybrid System in Islanded Microgrid

Ali Almousawi 1 Ammar A. Aldair
1Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Iraq
History
  • Received: August 10, 2022
  • Revised: August 29, 2022
  • Accepted: September 2, 2022
  • Available Online: November 2, 2022
DOI

https://doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.19.1.1

Abstract

In this paper, a control strategy for a combination PV-BESS-SC hybrid system in islanded microgrid with a DC load is designed and analyzed using a new topology. Although Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is employed to keep the DC bus voltage stable; however, it has a high energy density and a low power density. On the other hand, the Supercapacitor (SC) has a low energy density but a high-power density. As a result, combining a BESS and an SC is more efficient for power density and high energy. Integrating the many sources is more complicated. In order to integrate the SC and BESS and deliver continuous power to the load, a control strategy is required. A novel method for controlling the bus voltage and energy management will be proposed in this paper. The main advantage of the proposed system is that throughout the operation, the State of Charging (SOC), BESS current, and SC voltage and current are all kept within predetermined ranges. Additionally, SC balances fast- changing power surges, while BESS balances slow-changing power surges. Therefore, it enhances the life span and minimizes the current strains on BESS. To track the Maximum Power Point (MPP) or restrict power from the PV panel to the load, a unidirectional boost converter is utilized. Two buck converters coupled in parallel with a boost converter are proposed to charge the hybrid BESS-SC. Another two boost converters are used to manage the discharge operation of the BESS-SC storage in order to reduce losses. The simulation results show that the proposed control technique for rapid changes in load demand and PV generation is effective. In addition, the proposed technique control strategy is compared with a traditional control strategy.

Keywords

References

  1. C. Ghenai, T. Salameh and A. Merabet, “Technico- economic analysis of off grid solar PV/Fuel cell energy system for residential community in desert region”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 45, pp.11460-11470, 2020.
  2. Jing, Wenlong et al. “Battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system in standalone DC microgrids: areview”, IET Renewable Power Generation, Vol. 11, pp. 461-469, 2017.
  3. Jarno D. Dogger, Bart Roossien, Frans D. J. Nieuwenhout, “Characterization of Li-Ion Batteries for Intelligent Management of Distributed Grid-Connected Storage”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 26, No.1, pp. 256-263, 2011.
  4. Ying Han, Qi Li, Tianhong Wang, Weirong Chen, Lei Ma, “Multisource Coordination Energy Management Strategy Based on SOC Consensus for a PEMFC–Battery– Supercapacitor Hybrid Tramway”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 67, No.1, pp. 296-305, 2018.
  5. Burin Yodwong, Phatiphat Thounthong, Damien Guilbert, Nicu Bizon, “Differential Flatness-Based Cascade Energy/Current Control of Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Source for Modern e– Vehicle Applications”, Mathematics, Vol. 8, 2020.
  6. Wenlong Jing, Chean Hung Lai, Wallace S.H. Wong, M.L. DennisWong, “A comprehensive study of battery- supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for standalone PV power system in rural electrification”, Applied Energy, Vol. 224, pp. 340-356, 2018.
  7. Hui Chen, Zehui Zhanga, Cong Guan, Haibo Gao, “Optimization of sizing and frequency control in battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for fuel cell ship”, Energy, Vol. 197, pp. 117285, 2020.
  8. Carlet M. Enang and Brian K. Johnson, “Bidirectional dc-dc Converter Control in Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System”, 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), pp. 1-5, 2020.
  9. A. Tani, M. B. Camara, B. Dakyo, “Energy Management Based on Frequency Approach for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications: Fuel-Cell/Lithium-Battery Almousawi & Aldair | 11 and Ultracapacitors”, IEEE Trans. Vehicle Technol., Vol. 61, No.8, pp. 3375–3386, 2012.
  10. Li Sun, Kaiwu Feng, Chris Chapman, Nong Zhang, “An Adaptive Power-Split Strategy for Battery-Supercapacitor Powertrain-Design, Simulation, and Experiment”, IEEE Trans. Power Electron, Vol. 32, pp. 9364–9375, 2017.
  11. Zhou Shengzhe, Wang Kai, Xue Wen, “Fuzzy Logic- Based Control Strategy for a Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System in Electric Vehicles.”, In Proceedings of the 2017 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC), Jinan, China, Vol. 1, pp. 5598-5601, October 2017.
  12. Nabil J. Aklo and Mofeed Turky Rashid, "Reinforcement Learning Based Energy Storage Units Scheduling Considering Point of Common Coupling Constraint," 2021 3rd International Symposium on Material and Electrical Engineering Conference (ISMEE), pp. 1-8, 2021.
  13. Lee Wai, Chong Yee, Wan Wong Rajprasad, Kumar Rajkumar Rajpartiban, Kumar Rajkumar, Dino Isa, “Hybrid Energy Storage Systems and Control Strategies for Stand-Alone Renewable Energy Power Systems”, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., Vol. 66, pp. 174-189, 2016.
  14. R. Yumurtaci, “Role of Energy Management in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: Case Study-Based Analysis Considering Varying Seasonal Conditions.” Turkish Journal of Elec. Eng. and Comp. Sci., Vol 21, pp. 1077- 1091, 2013.
  15. J. Shen, A. Khaligh, “A Supervisory Energy Management Control Strategy in a Battery Ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System”, IEEE Trans. Transp. Electr. Vol. 1, pp. 223–231, 2015.
  16. M. E. Glavin, William Gerard Hurley, “Optimisation of a photovoltaic battery ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system”, Solar Energy, Vol. 86, pp. 3009-3020, 2012.
  17. W. L. Jing, C. H. Lai, W. S. Wong, M. D. Wong, “Cost analysis of battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for standalone PV systems”, In Proceedings of the 4th IET Clean Energy and Technology Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 14–15 November 2016.
  18. Ali M. Jasim, Basil H. Jasim, “Grid-Forming and Grid- Following Based Microgrid Inverters Control”, IJEEE, Vol. 18, No.1, pp. 111–131, June 2022. DOI:10.37917/ijeee.18.1.13
  19. A. Etxeberria, I. Vechiu, H. Camblong, J. M. Vinassa, H. Camblong, “Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for renewable Energy Sources Integration in microgrids: A review”, 2010 Conf. Proc. IPEC, pp. 532–537, 2010.
  20. Yunjie Gu, Xin Xiang, Wuhua Li, Xiangning He, “Mode-Adaptive Decentralized Control for Renewable DC Microgrid with Enhanced Reliability and Flexibility”, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 5072– 5080, 2014.
  21. Jackson John Justo, Francis Mwasilu, Ju Lee, Jin Woo Jung, “AC-microgrids versus DC-microgrids with distributed energy resources: A review”, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., Vol. 24, pp. 387–405, 2013.
  22. J. P. Zheng, T. R. Jow, M. S. Ding, “Hybrid power sources for pulsed current applications”, IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 288–292, 2001.
  23. R. A. Dougal, S. Liu, R. E. White, “Power and Life Extension of Battery– Ultracapacitor Hybrids”, IEEE Trans. components Packaging Technol., Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 120–131, 2002.
  24. Ziyou Song, Heath Hofmann, Jianqiu Li, Xuebing Han, Xiaowu Zhang, Minggao Ouyang “A comparison study of different semi-active hybrid energy storage system topologies for electric vehicles” J. Power Sources, Vol. 274, pp. 400–411, 2015.
  25. Wei Li, Geza Joos, “A power electronic interface for a battery supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for wind applications”, PESC Rec. IEEE Annual. Power Electron. Spec. Conf., pp. 1762–1768, 2008.
  26. A. Etxeberria, I. Vechiu, H. Camblong, J. M. Vinassa, “Comparison of three topologies and controls of a hybrid energy storage system for microgrids”, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 54, pp. 113–121, 2012.
  27. A. Khaligh, Z. Li, “Battery, ultracapacitor, fuel cell, and hybrid energy storage systems for electric, hybrid electric, fuel cell, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: State of the art”, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 2806– 2814, 2010.
  28. A. Kuperman, I. Aharon, S. Malki, A. Kara, “Design of a semiactive battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy source”, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 806–815, 2013.
  29. Selman, Nasir Hussein, Jawad Mahmood, “Comparison Between Perturb & Observe, Incremental Conductance and Fuzzy Logic MPPT Techniques at Different Weather Conditions”, IJIRSET, Vol. 5, No. 7, pp. 12556-12569, 2016.
  30. Bhule Deeksha, S. Jain, Subhojit Ghosh, “Power Management Control Strategy for PV-Battery Standalone System”, 2020 IEEE 9th Power India International Conference (PIICON), pp. 1-6, 2020.
  31. Ali Q. Almousawi, Ammar A. Aldair, “A New Power Management Control Strategy for PV-BESS Hybrid System”, international journal of computing and digital systems, Vol.12, Issue 01, pp. 427-437.
  32. Ali K. Almousawi, Ammar A. Aldair, “Control Strategy of Reactive Power Sharing in an Islanded Microgrids”, 3D SCEEER Conference, (2020), p.p 112-118.
  33. Wenlong Jing, Chean Hung Lai, Wallace S. H. Wong, M. L. Dennis Wong, “A comprehensive study of battery- supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for standalone PV power system in rural electrification”, Applied Energy, Vol. 224, pp. 340-356, 2018.
  34. Atheel K. Abdual Zahra, and Turki Y. Abdalla. “An ABC Optimized Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control Strategy for Full Vehicle Active Suspension System”, IJEEE, Vol. 18, No.1, pp. 151–165, Sep. 2021. DOI:10.37917/ijeee.17.2.17
  35. R. Sathishkumar, Sathish Kumar Kollimalla, Mahesh K. Mishra, “Dynamic energy management of micro grids using battery super capacitor combined storage”, in Proc. Annual IEEE India Conf. (INDICON), pp. 1078–1083, 2012.