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Fig. 6 . A smart home monitoring architecture based on smart contract technology, which translates them into
blockchain technology [32]. blockchain code. A smart contract on the blockchain can be
used to make the law a product. Within the
C. Ensuring both transparency and privacy knowledge-driven economy, Pokrovskaia et al.[50] stressed
There is a risk of data leakage when information is the need for a tax, finance, and social control system. They
processed on blockchain nodes due to the fact that emphasized the importance of establishing an effective
unencrypted data is shared and accessible by several nodes regulatory framework for blockchain and fog computing.
The employment of homomorphic encryption technology in Effective governance and monitoring are required for the
the blockchain computer architecture provides for secure long-term viability and adaptation of blockchain technology.
data storage as well as the protection of user privacy when For adequately controlling any uses in cyberspace, Lessig
mining[32, 44]. Homomorphic encryption, in combination [51] outlined four methods: the law, social standards, and
with blockchain-based eHealth in a decentralized paradigm, financial resources. These four techniques can be utilized to
can secure a patient's privacy[44]. The current effectively regulate blockchain-based IoT applications.
COVID-19-related global health concern necessitates Currently, blockchain applications are uncontrolled.
tracking positive COVID-19 patients without relying on Blockchain may be tracked and regulated with IoT
centralized authority, tamper-proof data interchange, or application-oriented smart contracts.
privacy protection while collecting individual and healthcare
institution data, so a homomorphic encryption-compatible VI. FUTURE DIRECTION
consensus strategy must be devised. The COVID-19
pandemic's essence can be discovered in nature[45]. Despite recent advancements in integrating BIoT and
COVID-19 issues can be solved using distributed ledger solutions, numerous areas still require further investigation.
technologies like blockchain, although user privacy cannot To develop BIoT applications and solutions, as well as make
be guaranteed. Decentralized COVID-19 tracing apps may deployments safe and scalable, more study and analysis are
be constructed without the need for a centralized authority to required in numerous areas. One such field is privacy and
gather and communicate user data safely and privately, security-based solutions for IoT applications. Although
blockchain technology and federated machine learning [46]. some of the security and privacy applications of BIoT have
Federated learning [47] is a machine learning technique that previously been investigated in this study, testing the
involves training an algorithm on a distributed network of consensus methods used in a private blockchain and
decentralized nodes or servers that do not share local data applying them to a government institution such as a power
samples with a centralized server. utility would be helpful.
D. To deal with the IoT's blockchain regulatory issues VII. CONCLUSION
Blockchain offers a wide range of uses in finance,
economics, and other fields, and law because of its accuracy The research was looked at from a variety of perspectives,
and security properties. including IoT, blockchain technologies, and privacy issues.
Following the ransom are attack on the New York Times Despite this, several technological and security challenges
and the BBC earlier this year, the US Congress is looking related to the Internet of Things remain unresolved. This
into blockchain technology as a viable cyber-defense tool. review article discusses some barriers to implementing
Nonetheless, because blockchain is currently mostly blockchain technology in the IoT space, as well as how they
unregulated [48], its abuse in underground trading networks, are being overcome. Existing blockchain and IoT articles are
such as the now-defunct Silk, has resulted in many examined for a variety of characteristics to show their
controversies. Traditional legislation is difficult to control strengths and weaknesses. A detailed discussion of
blockchain due to its decentralized character, according to blockchain components and numerous conventional
Filippi et al.[49]. Laws, on the other hand, can be enacted via consensus processes are also included in this paper. In
addition, this review, a detailed explanation of the Internet of
Things, its methodology and components, as well as an
explanation of Blockchain technology and how to deal with
the Internet of Things is given so that it is clear and
understandable compared to previous works.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflict of relevant interest to this
article.
REFERENCES
[1] A. Al Sadawi, M. S. Hassan, and M. Ndiaye, "A survey
on the integration of blockchain with IoT to enhance
