A wireless sensor network consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants. Different approaches have used for simulation and modeling of SN (Sensor Network) and WSN. Traditional approaches consist of various simulation tools based on different languages such as C, C++ and Java. In this paper, MATLAB (7.6) Simulink was used to build a complete WSN system. Simulation procedure includes building the hardware architecture of the transmitting nodes, modeling both the communication channel and the receiving master node architecture. Bluetooth was chosen to undertake the physical layer communication with respect to different channel parameters (i.e., Signal to Noise ratio, Attenuation and Interference). The simulation model was examined using different topologies under various conditions and numerous results were collected. This new simulation methodology proves the ability of the Simulink MATLAB to be a useful and flexible approach to study the effect of different physical layer parameters on the performance of wireless sensor networks.
This paper presents a new design to obtain wide dual-band operation from a coplanar probe feed antenna loaded with two shorted walls. The lower band of proposed antenna has a 10 dB bandwidth of 611 MHz (24.18%) around the center frequency 2527MHz, and the upper band has a bandwidth of 1255 MHz (27.88%) around the center frequency 4501MHz. The obtained bandwidths cover WLANs operations on all bands. The bandwidth of the first operating frequency covers ISM band (2400- 2483.5) MHz, which is required by IEEE 802.11b, g and Bluetooth standards, and the bandwidth of the second operating frequency covers U-NII1 (5150-5350) MHz band, which is required by IEEE 802.11a and HiperLAN2 standards, and also covers U-NII2 (5470-5725) MHz and U-NII3/ISM (5725-5825) MHz bands, which are required by IEEE 802.11a standard. A three dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3-D FDTD) method is employed to analyze the proposed structure and find its performance. The simulated results are compared with the experimental results.
The evolution of wireless communication technology increases human machine interaction capabilities especially in controlling robotic systems. This paper introduces an effective wireless system in controlling the directions of a wheeled robot based on online hand gestures. The hand gesture images are captured and processed to be recognized and classified using neural network (NN). The NN is trained using extracted features to distinguish five different gestures; accordingly it produces five different signals. These signals are transmitted to control the directions of the cited robot. The main contribution of this paper is, the technique used to recognize hand gestures is required only two features, these features can be extracted in very short time using quite easy methodology, and this makes the proposed technique so suitable for online interaction. In this methodology, the preprocessed image is partitioned column-wise into two half segments; from each half one feature is extracted. This feature represents the ratio of white to black pixels of the segment histogram. The NN showed very high accuracy in recognizing all of the proposed gesture classes. The NN output signals are transmitted to the robot microcontroller wirelessly using Bluetooth. Accordingly the microcontroller guides the robot to the desired direction. The overall system showed high performance in controlling the robot movement directions.
Due to the last increase in data and information technology, the need to use robots in many life areas is increased. There is a great diversity in this field, depending on the type of task required, as the robot enters the parcels of air, land, and water. In this paper, a robot's mission designed to move things is concentrated, relying on line-tracing technology that makes it easy to track its path safely, the RFID is distributed in its approach. When the robot reads the RFID tag, it stops until it raises the load from above, the robot continues its path toward the target. When an obstacle obstructs the robot path, the robot deviates and returns after a while to its previous approach. All this technology is implemented using a new algorithm which is programmed using the visual basic program. The robot designed to transfer the stored material is used according to a site known as an identifier that is identified by the RFID value, where the robot is programmed through a microcontroller and a unique store program that determines the current location and the desired location, then is given the task for the robot to do it as required. The robot is controlled using an ATmega controller to control other parts connected to the electronic circuit, the particular infrared sensor, and ultrasound to avoid potential obstacles within the robot's path to reach the target safely. In addition to this, the robot is made up of an RFID sensor to give unique to each desired target site. Through the console, it is possible to know the link indicated by the target. The H-bridge is also used to obtain a particular command and guide the robot as needed to move freely in all directions and a DC motor which is unique for moving wheels at the desired speed, and Bluetooth for programmable and secure wireless transmission and reception with all these parts through a unique program that also uses application inventory. The robot has proven to be a great success in performing the required task through several tests that have been practically performed.