Cover
Vol. 17 No. 2 (2021)

Published: December 31, 2021

Pages: 27-37

Review Article

A Review of methodologies for Fault Location Techniques in Distribution Power System

Ahmed K. Abbas 1 Mazyed Awan Ahmed Al-Tak 2
1Department of Construction and Projects, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
2Computer Centre, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
History
  • Received: June 18, 2021
  • Revised: July 27, 2021
  • Accepted: July 28, 2021
  • Available Online: July 30, 2021
DOI

https://doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.17.2.4

Abstract

Since recent societies become more hooked into electricity, a higher level of power supply continuity is required from power systems. The expansion of those systems makes them liable to electrical faults and several failures are raised due to totally different causes, like the lightning strike, power system element failure caused by mechanical aging as well as human mistakes. These conditions impact the stability of the power as well as lead to costly maintenance and loss of output. This article examines the latest technologies and strategies to determine the location of faults in medium voltage distribution systems. The aim is to classify and assess different strategies in order to determine the best recommended models in practice or for further improvement. Several ways to locate failures in distribution networks have therefore been established. Because faults are unpredictable, quick fault location as well as isolating are necessary to reduce the impact of faults in distribution networks as well as removing the emergency condition from the entire system. This study also includes a comprehensive evaluation of several defect location methods depending on the algorithm employed, the input, the test system, the characteristics retrieved, and the degree of complexity. In order to gain further insight into the strengths and limitations of each method and also comparative analysis is carried out. Then the main problems of the fault location methods in distribution network are briefly expounded.

Keywords

References

  1. L. Wang, ‘The fault causes of overhead lines in distribution network’, in MATEC Web of Conferences, 2016, vol. 61, p. 2017.
  2. S. Authafa, ‘Short Circuit Faults Identification and Localization in IEEE 34 Nodes Distribution Feeder Based on the Theory of Wavelets’, Iraqi J. Electr. Electron. Eng., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 65–79, 2018, doi: 10.37917/ijeee.14.1.7.
  3. H. Livani, C. Y. Evrenosoglu, and V. A. Centeno, ‘A machine learning-based faulty line identification for smart distribution network’, in 2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS), 2013, pp. 1–5.
  4. S. Hänninen, ‘Single phase earth faults in high impedance grounded networks Characteristics, indication and location’, VTT Publ., no. 453, pp. 2–78, 2001.
  5. T. Gonen, Electrical power transmission system engineering: analysis and design. CRC press, 2019.
  6. S. S. Gururajapathy, H. Mokhlis, and H. A. Illias, ‘Fault location and detection techniques in power distribution systems with distributed generation: A review’, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 74, no. March, pp. 949–958, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.021.
  7. A. K. Abbas, S. Hamad, and N. A. Hamad, ‘Single line to ground fault detection and location in medium voltage distribution system network based on neural network’, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 621–632, 2021, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i2.pp621-632.
  8. H. H. Goh et al., ‘Transmission line fault detection: A review’, Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 199–205, 2017, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp199- 205.
  9. A. Bahmanyar, S. Jamali, A. Estebsari, and E. Bompard, ‘A comparison framework for distribution system outage and fault location methods’, Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 145, pp. 19–34, 2017.
  10. J. R. Abrams, ‘Maximizing outage management systems through the use of interactive voice response’, in Rural Electric Power Conference, 2003, 2003, pp. A1-- A1.
  11. B. Amini, S. H. Khatoonabadi, and A. Zamanifar, ‘Trouble call based outage determination in power distribution networks using ANFIS’, in 2005 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, 2005, vol. 2, pp. 1634–1639.
  12. H.-J. Chuang, C.-H. Lin, C.-S. Chen, C.-C. Yun, C.-Y. Ho, and C.-S. Li, ‘Design of a knowledge based trouble call system with colored Petri net models’, in 2005 IEEE/PES Transmission & Distribution Conference & Exposition: Asia and Pacific, 2005, pp. 1–6.
  13. X. Gu, H. Wang, and J. Chen, ‘Application of rough set- based distribution network fault location approach in Trouble Call Management System’, in 2012 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution, 2012, pp. 1–5.
  14. L. Yan, L. Jun, L. Wencai, and Z. Dening, ‘Rural distribution network fault location algorithm based on fault complaint information’, in 2011 Third International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, 2011, vol. 3, pp. 199–202.
  15. J.-T. Peng, C. F. Chien, and T. L. B. Tseng, ‘Rough set theory for data mining for fault diagnosis on distribution feeder’, IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transm. Distrib., vol. 151, no. 6, pp. 689–697, 2004.
  16. C.-F. Chien, S.-L. Chen, and Y.-S. Lin, ‘Using Bayesian network for fault location on distribution feeder’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 785–793, 2002.
  17. A. Kusiak, ‘Rough set theory: a data mining tool for semiconductor manufacturing’, IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manuf., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 44–50, 2001.
  18. A. Farughian, L. Kumpulainen, and K. Kauhaniemi, ‘Review of methodologies for earth fault indication and location in compensated and unearthed MV distribution networks’, Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 154, pp. 373– 380, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2017.09.006.
  19. I. Dzafic and P. Mohapatra, ‘Impedance based fault location for weakly meshed distribution networks’, in ISGT 2011, 2011, pp. 1–6.
  20. S. H. Horowitz and A. G. Phadke, ‘Nonpilot distance protection of transmission lines’, in Power System Relaying, Wiley, 2008, pp. 101–132.
  21. Y. D. Liu, G. H. Sheng, Z. M. He, X. Y. Xu, and X. C. Jiang, ‘Method of fault location based on the distributed traveling-wave detection device on overhead transmission line’, in 2011 IEEE Power Engineering and Automation Conference, 2011, vol. 2, pp. 136–140.
  22. N. Gana, N. F. Ab Aziz, Z. Ali, H. Hashim, and B. Yunus, ‘A comprehensive review of fault location methods for distribution power system’, Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 185–192, 2017, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp185-192.
  23. A. O. Ibe and B. J. Cory, ‘A travelling wave-based fault locator for two-and three-terminal networks’, IEEE Trans. power Deliv., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 283–288, 1986.
  24. P. Jafarian and M. Sanaye-Pasand, ‘A traveling-wave- based protection technique using wavelet/PCA analysis’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 588–599, 2010.
  25. A. M. Abeid, H. A. Abd El-Ghany, and A. M. Azmy, ‘An advanced traveling-wave fault-location algorithm for simultaneous faults’, in 2017 Nineteenth International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON), 2017, pp. 747–752.
  26. X. C. Jiang, D. Z. Wang, X. Q. Liu, and Y. Ning, ‘Fault location on branched networks using a new traveling- wave algorithm’, in 2016 8th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC), 2016, vol. 2, pp. 221–224.
  27. X. Dong, S. Wang, and S. Shi, ‘Research on characteristics of voltage fault traveling waves of transmission line’, in 2010 Modern Electric Power Systems, 2010, pp. 1–5.
  28. M. Baù, R. Benato, S. Dambone Sessa, M. Poli, and C. Quaciari, ‘Phase-to-ground fault location methods in unearthed sub-transmission networks: A review’, AEIT 2016 - Int. Annu. Conf. Sustain. Dev. Mediterr. Area, Energy ICT Networks Futur., 2016, doi: 10.23919/AEIT.2016.7892761.
  29. M. Mirzaei, M. Z. A. Ab Kadir, E. Moazami, and H. Hizam, ‘Review of fault location methods for distribution power system’, Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 2670–2676, 2009.
  30. H. Livani and C. Y. Evrenosouglu, ‘A fault classification and localization method for three-terminal circuits using machine learning’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 2282–2290, 2013.
  31. S. Ebron, D. L. Lubkeman, and M. White, ‘A neural network approach to the detection of incipient faults on power distribution feeders’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 905–914, 1990.
  32. C. Rangari and A. Yadav, ‘A hybrid wavelet singular entropy and fuzzy system based fault detection and classification on distribution line with distributed generation’, in 2017 2nd IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT), 2017, pp. 1473– 1477.
  33. A. Bahmanyar et al., ‘Emerging smart meters in electrical distribution systems: Opportunities and challenges’, in 2016 24th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 2016, pp. 1082–1087.
  34. L. Kumpulainen, S. Pettissalo, and S. Sauna-Aho, ‘A secondary substation monitoring based method for earth- fault indication in MV cable networks’, in Kaunas University of Technology and Aalto University organized seminar on Methods and techniques for earth fault detection, indication and location, Espoo, Finland, 2011.
  35. A. Von Meier, D. Culler, A. McEachern, and R. Arghandeh, Micro-synchrophasors for distribution systems. IEEE, 2014.
  36. G. Sanchez-Ayala, J. R. Agüerc, D. Elizondo, and M. Lelic, ‘Current trends on applications of PMUs in distribution systems’, in 2013 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), 2013, pp. 1–6.
  37. S. Jamali, A. Bahmanyar, and E. Bompard, ‘Fault location method for distribution networks using smart meters’, Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed., vol. 102, no. February, pp. 150–157, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2017.02.008.
  38. R. A. F. Pereira, L. G. W. da Silva, M. Kezunovic, and J. R. S. Mantovani, ‘Improved fault location on distribution feeders based on matching during-fault voltage sags’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 852–862, 2009.
  39. F. C. L. Trindade, W. Freitas, and J. C. M. Vieira, ‘Fault location in distribution systems based on smart feeder meters’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 251–260, 2013.
  40. A. Estebsari, E. Pons, E. Bompard, A. Bahmanyar, and S. Jamali, ‘An improved fault location method for distribution networks exploiting emerging LV smart meters’, in 2016 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS), 2016, pp. 1–6.
  41. S. F. Alwash, V. K. Ramachandaramurthy, and N. Mithulananthan, ‘Fault-location scheme for power distribution system with distributed generation’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 1187–1195, 2014.
  42. F. C. L. Trindade and W. Freitas, ‘Low voltage zones to support fault location in distribution systems with smart meters’, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 2765– 2774, 2016.
  43. R. Calone, A. Cerretti, and A. Fatica, ‘Evolution of the Fault Locator on MV distribution networks: from simple stand alone device, to a sophisticated strategic component of the Smart Grid control system’, in Proc. 21st Int. Conf. Exhib. Electr. Distrib.(CIRED), 2011.
  44. E. Personal, A. Garc’ia, A. Parejo, D. F. Larios, F. Biscarri, and C. León, ‘A comparison of impedance- based fault location methods for power underground distribution systems’, Energies, vol. 9, no. 12, p. 1022, 2016.
  45. A. Farughian, L. Kumpulainen, and K. Kauhaniemi, ‘Review of methodologies for earth fault indication and location in compensated and unearthed MV distribution networks’, Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 154, pp. 373– 380, 2018.
  46. A. Sheta, G. Abdulsalam, and A. Eladl, ‘A Survey of Fault Location Techniques for Distribution Networks’, Bull. Fac. Eng. Mansoura Univ., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 12– 22, 2020, doi: 10.21608/bfemu.2020.98825.
  47. G. Druml, C. Raunig, P. Schegner, and L. Fickert, ‘Fast selective earth fault localization using the new fast pulse detection method’, 2013.
  48. B. Singh, N. K. Sharma, A. N. Tiwari, K. S. Verma, and S. N. Singh, ‘Applications of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in electric power system networks incorporated with FACTS controllers’, Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol., vol. 3, no. 3, 2011.
  49. E. Dusabimana and S.-G. Yoon, ‘A survey on the micro-phasor measurement unit in distribution networks’, Electronics, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 305, 2020.
  50. M. Majidi, A. Arabali, and M. Etezadi-Amoli, ‘Fault location in distribution networks by compressive sensing’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1761–1769, 2014.
  51. J. Ren, S. S. Venkata, and E. Sortomme, ‘An accurate synchrophasor based fault location method for emerging distribution systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 297–298, 2013.
  52. U. Chakrabarti, A. Chakrabarti, and S. Sarkar, ‘Fault detection in synchrophasor system by using Phasor Measuring Unit’, 2015.
  53. A. Rajeev, T. S. Angel, and F. Z. Khan, ‘Fault location in distribution feeders with optimally placed PMU’s’, in 2015 International Conference on Technological Advancements in Power and Energy (TAP Energy), 2015, pp. 438–442.
  54. M. U. Usman and M. O. Faruque, ‘Validation of a PMU-based fault location identification method for smart distribution network with photovoltaics using real-time data’, IET Gener. Transm. & Distrib., vol. 12, no. 21, pp. 5824–5833, 2018.
  55. J. Cordova and M. O. Faruque, ‘Fault location identification in smart distribution networks with distributed generation’, in 2015 North American Power Symposium (NAPS), 2015, pp. 1–7.
  56. M. Pignati, L. Zanni, P. Romano, R. Cherkaoui, and M. Paolone, ‘Fault detection and faulted line identification in active distribution networks using synchrophasors- based real-time state estimation’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 381–392, 2016.
  57. P. A. H. Cavalcante and M. C. de Almeida, ‘Fault location approach for distribution systems based on modern monitoring infrastructure’, IET Gener. Transm. & Distrib., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 94–103, 2018.
  58. X. Chen and Z. Jiao, ‘Accurate Fault Location Method of Distribution Network with Limited Number of PMUs’, in 2018 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED), 2018, pp. 1503–1507.
  59. G. Filatova, A. Petrov, and M. Batmanov, ‘Research of the Algorithm and the Prototype Device for Fault Location Based on Synchronized Two-Side Measurement’, in 2020 International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE), 2020, pp. 1–5.
  60. J.-S. Hong, G.-D. Sim, J.-H. Choi, S.-J. Ahn, and S.-Y. Yun, ‘Fault location method using phasor measurement units and short circuit analysis for power distribution networks’, Energies, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 1294, 2020.
  61. J. Nishanth, N. Palanichamy, and S. C. Lim, ‘A Survey on the Characteristics and Requirements of Electricity Distribution Safety Technology’, in 2020 4th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), 2020, pp. 709–713.
  62. M. Farajollahi, A. Shahsavari, E. M. Stewart, and H. Mohsenian-Rad, ‘Locating the source of events in power distribution systems using micro-PMU data’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 6343–6354, 2018.