Cover
Vol. 16 No. 1 (2020)

Published: June 30, 2020

Pages: 99-103

Original Article

Full Width-Half Maximum Characteristics of FBG for Petroleum Sensor Applications

Hisham K. Hisham 1
1Electrical Engineering Department, University of Basrah, Basra, Iraq
History
  • Received: April 29, 2020
  • Revised: May 30, 2020
  • Accepted: May 31, 2020
  • Available Online: May 18, 2020
DOI

https://doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.16.1.12

Abstract

In this paper, we have analyzed the full width-half maximum (FWHM) response of a uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for petroleum sensor applications numerically. The analysis; which is depending on parameters such as the gratings length (Lg) and the amplitude of an induced index profile (Δn) change have successfully investigated using MATHCAD software. From the numerical simulation, there is an effect of the Lg and the Δn on the FWHM response. Results show the Lg value that effect the FWHM response is ≤7 mm. In contrast, results show that there is no effect of temperature on the FWHM response. In light of the increasing demand for a wide FWHM band within the applications of optical sensor technology, the results obtained are very important, especially in the field of petroleum industry.

Keywords

References

  1. Hisham K. Hisham, Fiber bragg grating sensors: development and applications, CRC Taylor & Frances, 2019, 1st edition.
  2. A. Othonos, and K. Kalli, Fiber bragg gratings: fundamentals and applications in telecommunications and sensing, 1999, Artech House, Norwood.
  3. P. G. E. Lumens, “Fibre-optic sensing for application in oil and gas wells”, P.hD thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology, 2014.
  4. A. C. Gringarten, et al, ”Use of Downhole Permanent Pressure Gauge Data to Diagnose Production Problems in a North Sea Horizontal Well,” SPE Conference, 2003.
  5. T. Unneland ,”Permanent Downhole Gauges Used in Reservoir Management of Complex North Sea Oil Fields,” SPE, 1994.
  6. Hisham K. Hisham, ”Numerical Analysis of Thermal Dependence of the Spectral Response of Polymer Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings”, Iraq J. Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol.12, pp.85-95, 2016.
  7. Hisham K. Hisham, “Effect of Temperature Variations on Strain Response of Polymer Bragg Grating Optical Fibers”, Iraq J. Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 1, pp.53-58, 2017.
  8. H. K. Hisham,” Theory of Dispersion Reduction in Plastic Optical Gratings Fiber”, J. Opt. Commun., V. 9, pp.2-4, 2018.
  9. A. M. B. Braga, "Optical Fiber Sensors for the Oil and Gas Industry," in Advanced Photonics, Optical Society of America, 2014.
  10. C. E. Campanella, at al, “Fibre Bragg Grating Based Strain Sensors: Review of Technology and Applications”, Sensors, vol.. 18, pp. 31-51, 2018.
  11. X. Qiao, Z. et al, “Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for the Oil Industry”, Sensors, vol.. 17, pp. 33-49, 2017.
  12. G. Allwood, et al, “Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Mainstream Industrial Processes”, Electronics, vol. 6, pp. 83-92, 2017.
  13. S. R. K. Morikawa, et al, “Monitoring of flexible oil lines using FBG sensors”, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2007.
  14. Z. Sun, et al, “A High Sensitivity Fiber Bragg Grating Seismic Sensor System for Intrusion Detection”, International Symposium on Photonics and Education in Measurement Science, 2019, Jena, Germany.
  15. J. Dorleus, et al, “A Fiber Optic Seismic Sensor for Unattended Ground Sensing Applications”, ITEA Journal, vol.. 30, pp. 455–460, 2009.
  16. L. F. Mennella, et al, “A Fiber Optic Bragg Grating Seismic Sensor”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 19, pp. 1991 – 1993, 2008.
  17. J. Wang, et al, “Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensors Used in Coal Mines”, PHOTONIC SENSORS, vol.. 4, pp. 120–124, 2014.
  18. Y. Zhang, et al, “Seismic wave detection system based on fiber optic sensor”, Proc. SPIE. Earth Observing Systems, September 2006.
  19. Y. R. Garc, et al, “Vibration Detection Using Optical Fiber Sensors”, Journal of Sensors, vol. 12, pp. 11-55, 2010.
  20. Hisham K. Hisham, “Bandwidth Characteristics of FBG Sensors for Oil and Gas Applications”, American Journal of Sensor Technol., vol. 4, pp. 30- 34, 2017.
  21. D. J. M Snelders and A. Boersma, “Development of thermo-stable FBG optical sensor for oil and gas applications”, Proc. of the 8th Inter. Conf. on Sensing Technolo., pp. 278-281, 2014, UK.
  22. K. T. V. Grattan and T. Sun, ”Fiber optic sensor technology: an overview,” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 82, pp. 40-61, 2000.
  23. G. P. Agrawal and N. K. Dutta, Semiconductor Lasers, 2nd ed. (New York: van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993).