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conferences. For the purpose of ensuring data confidential-
ity, integrity, and authentication, a strong, responsive, and
trustworthy security system has to be developed. Accord-
ingly, a variety of encryption algorithms have been created by
researchers to accommodate the advancement of communica-
tion technologies. To guarantee high data solidity, high data
confidentiality, and trusted data, the security system needs to
be incredibly fast, robust, and secure. In this regard, scientists secured speech communication because of their subtle nonlin-
have developed a number of encryption algorithms that are re-
liant on advancements in wireless communication techniques.
Encryption methods can be classified into encryption based on
traditional methods such as (AES), (DES), (RSA), and encryp-
tion based on advanced chaotic systems method. A chaotic
system with chaotic behavior can be classified into two types:
continuous time and discrete time (map). Chaos with con-
tinuous systems depends on ordinary differential equations
such as the Lorenz system and the Chen system, which are
widely used in the field of signal encryption, while chaos with
a discrete function depends on a recurring function such as the
logistic map and the quadratic map, which are widely used in
communications systems and digital signal encryption. They
can also be classified based on synchronization methods and
the method of implementation by FPGA, DSP, or Raspberry
Pi. The data encryption standard (DES) and the advanced
encryption standard (AES), which are examples of standard
symmetric encryption programs, can achieve very high levels
of guarantee. However despite the fact that the majority of
these algorithms are used to encrypt binary data, they are
not ideal for real-time audio encryption for the reasons listed
below [1–6],:
1) The Standard symmetric cryptographic schemes
suffer from a small key space, which leaves them
vulnerable to brute force attacks, in addition to high
specimen redundancy, bandwidth-dependent ampli-
fication of the ciphered signal, and a decline in the
output signal-to-noise ratio performance degrada-
tion preclude their use in real-time speech encryp-
tion.
2) The intricate permutation process of these algo-
rithms necessitates a longer computation time and
more processing power.
3) These algorithms require a high level of comput-
ing power and more computational time due to their
complex permutation process. Asymmetric encryp-
tion algorithms are also unsuitable for encryption
due to their complexity and slow speed.
Therefore, it’s imperative to investigate cutting-edge speech
encryption methods that can offer a high degree of security,
Shumran & Al-Hussein
speed, and excellent audio quality in the decrypted speech
signal. Numerous scholars have recognized the potential for
utilizing chaotic systems’ disordered behaviors and nonlin-
ear dynamics in encryption. These chaotic systems exhibit
remarkable qualities like high security, simplicity, , and high
sensitivity to initial conditions and system parameters. They
are a novel and effective means of delivering low-complexity
ear properties. Nevertheless, there are certain difficulties to be
overcome when applying chaos theory to encryption. A few
of them use different kinds of one-dimensional (1D) chaotic
maps when creating speech security systems. One basic, pre-
dictable chaotic orbit is the outcome of 1D chaotic maps. This
makes it simple for the attacker to acquire the chaotic map’s
initial states and/or system parameters. Furthermore, weak
security and small key space plague one-dimensional chaotic
maps. However, if the dimension is increased, the nonlinearity
will also increase and security will be improved. Because they
have more positive Lyapunov exponents and are difficult to
predict time series, higher dimensional (HD) chaotic maps
are frequently employed in multimedia encryption. A chaotic
system is a cryptography practice that applies the mathemat-
ical theory of chaos. Because of the sensitivity of chaotic
systems to the initial condition and random-like properties,
it is suitable for encrypting multimedia. Lately, the use of
chaotic theory for audio signal encryption has received a lot
of attention [7–9]. One of the main areas of focus for chaos
theory’s methods is undoubtedly the dynamic aspect of mod-
ern cryptography:
1) Unauthorized individuals can be tricked by the
random behavior of chaotic systems without the
need for a special mechanism to produce them.
2) The chaotic map evolution time produces an ex-
tremely remarkable time evolution, contingent upon
control parameters, initial conditions, and minute
variations in these amounts. This implies that these
initial conditions and control parameters can be
used as keys in a cipher system. The cipher chaos
method is a crucial, necessary, and effective encryp-
tion technique for the security of audio systems.
The enormous size of audio data encryption has an
impact on the suggested algorithm method that is
selected.
II. SCHOLARLY REVIEW
In this work, we cover a general review of various forms of au-
dio encryption and decryption methods, including those based
on sophisticated chaotic methods and traditional encryption
techniques. Fig. 1.shows a diagram of the methods and tech-