Page 80 - IJEEE-2023-Vol19-ISSUE-1
P. 80

76 |                                                                                                             Abdulla & Marhoon

  • Hardware Tools for System                                       • Design Monitoring & Irrigation System
                                                                           At this stage, the monitoring and control system was
       Building a monitoring system requires a set of
hardware tools that measure the values of the environmental       designed following several steps: sensors are programmed
conditions surrounding the plant includes:                        through the Arduino IDE program, and the code is uploaded
1- DHT22 (Digital Humidity and Temperature) is a sensor           to the NodeMCU board. The control of the water pump is
                                                                  done by connecting it to a relay that works as an electric
    for measuring the temperature and humidity of the             switch by entering a control signal into it by the controller
    atmosphere surrounding the plant. It was characterized by     board. And through the Esp8266 piece on the board,
    its accuracy, low cost, and ease of reading its digital       NodeMCU sends the sensor values to the firebase cloud
    signal by the controller. Its temperature reading ranges      every half hour via WiFi. Fig.11 shows the final design of
    between (-40-80°C) and its humidity reading between (0-       the IoT system.
    100%). Use this sensor because the temperature and
    humidity of the air are among the most critical factors that                        Fig. 11: IoT system design.
    affect the photosynthesis process.
2- Analog soil moisture sensor, which measures the                  • Build Monitoring and Irrigation Application Part
    percentage of water available in the soil for automatic
    irrigation. To improve the water use of crops and reduce                  At this stage, created the application section is
    the appearance of root rot diseases due to the high           responsible for monitoring plant and irrigation remotely
    humidity of the roots.                                        using Android studio. First, Android Studio is connected to
3- MQ 135 sensor to measure the percentage of CO2 gas in          the Firebase to read and deal with the sensor values. In the
    the air surrounding the plant for its necessity in the        monitoring section, the application's front end is built,
    process of photosynthesis and plant growth. Its ratio in      consisting of four donut progress bar sfor humidity,
    the air ranges (0-3000 ppm) and the useful ratio of the       temperature, Co2, and TDS for water, through which data
    plant is between (300-1800 ppm).                              from the Firebase is read and seen, with alerts printed for
4- TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) analog sensor to measure           each read value. The remote irrigation interface contains one
    water quality for irrigating crops, as it measures the        donut progress bar to read the value of the soil moisture
    percentage of dissolved solids in water in PPM unit,          sensor and print the alert message. Through the read, value
    where its value ranges (0-500 ppm) suitable for irrigation,   farmers can use the ON and OFF buttons on the irrigation
    but more than 500 ppm is invalid.                             interface to opening and closing of the water pump. The
5- The water pump is used to pump water to the farm. It           sensor values are read inside the mobile application,
    operates at a voltage of 12 V, weighs 69 G, and pumps         processing and printing the values in the interface for climate
    240 L/H.                                                      monitoring. Fig.12 monitoring interface contains the values
6- Relay to control of the water pump through the digital         of temperature, humidity, co2, and water quality .With alerts
    signal.                                                       set for each sensor if the read values exceed the minimum or
7- NodeMCU (Node Micro Controller Unit) ESP8266                   maximum allowed for tomato plants.
    Wireless has powerful on-board processing and storage         In the plant irrigation section, the farmer is controlled by
    that allows it to be combined with other sensors and          turning ON and OFF the motor, as shown in Fig 13, where
    devices through its GPIO modules. It features nine digital    the soil moisture sensor reads the soil moisture value. If the
    signals and one analog signal.                                value of the sensor is 500-600, the soil is dry, he starts the
8- 16 Analog Multiplexer is used to control the analog
    signals digitally. It is used here because our work needs
    three analog signals while the NodeMCU contains only
    one analog signal.
9- Rechargeable lithium battery with a voltage of 3.7 to run
    water pump.

  • Software Tools for System

               To program the sensors and build the
     monitoring and irrigation system, we need to open
     source Arduino IDE, version 1.8.16. use to program the
     NodeMCU with the sensors. Firebase cloud is a
     platform developed by Google for realtime mobile and
     web applications to store sensor values in the realtime
     database. Using Android Studio for building part of the
     monitoring and control system application. The steps
     below illustrate the process of building a monitoring and
     irrigation system.
   75   76   77   78   79   80   81   82   83   84   85