Page 64 - IJEEE-2023-Vol19-ISSUE-1
P. 64
60 | Msayer, Swadi, & AlSabbagh
Fig. 6: Outage probability of 3 users – Near User is a spectrum efficiency, and reliability of all users of the
cooperative Relay. proposed system.
It’s clear that in Fig. 7 the fluctuation of the instantaneous CONFLICT OF INTEREST
values of the near and middle users’ achievable rate. It is
always higher than the target rate, as well as the stability of The authors have no conflict of relevant interest to this
the value of the far user’s achievable rate above the threshold article.
target rate despite its low value, which gives the continuity
working of the three users without outage. The middle user REFERENCES
outperforms the far user in terms of throughputs due to the
channel's strength, proximity to the relay, and absence of [1] P. Gandotra, R. K. Jha, and S. Jain, “Green
interference. Communication in Next Generation Cellular Networks: A
Survey,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 11727–11758, 2017.
Fig. 7: Instantaneous Achievable Rates bit/s/Hz with doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2711784.
NOMA cooperative Un relay.
IV. CONCLUSION [2] K. Asatani, “Trends and Issues in 5G Networking and
Beyond,” J. ICT Stand., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 203–224, 2018.
In this paper, a framework has been proposed to increase doi: 10.13052/jicts2245-800x.531.
the area of the spectrum while increasing energy efficiency,
based on the principle of the power allocation between users [3] M. Liu, “Research on the Development of Intelligent
by using the NOMA technology, as well as relying on the Logistics Based on 5G Technology,” Proc. - 2021 2nd Int.
principle of cooperation and increasing energy using one of Conf. Urban Eng. Manag. Sci. ICUEMS 2021, pp. 107–
the green energy methods. The system's performance is 110, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ICUEMS52408.2021.00029.
analyzed using the achievable data rates and the outage
probability. [4] M. Usama and M. Erol-Kantarci, “A survey on recent
trends and open issues in energy efficiency of 5G,”
A model has a barrier between the second and third users Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 19, no. 14, 2019. doi:
with absence of a link between them and the base station. 10.3390/s19143126.
The first user acts as a signal relay for the other users, they
will be entered into the work and the cooperation will [5] B. P. Chapa, S. R. Gottapu, and V. K. Mogadala, “India
increase the achievable data rate values from zero to (a value by 2020,” 2018 Int. Conf. Recent Innov. Electr. Electron.
ranging 7.57 bps/Hz to 12.55 bps/Hz) and (1,292 bps/Hz), Commun. Eng., pp. 639–643, 2020.
respectively, at transmitting power ranging from zero to 30
dBm. The first user’s achievable data rate has been reduced [6] P. C. Barman and M. H. Khan, “5G- Future Generation
by half due to the relying, these values make all users Technologies of Wireless Communication ‘Revolution
working without outage, thus increasing the throughput, 2020,” Am. J. Eng. Res., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 206–215, 2015.
[7] A. Bohli and R. Bouallegue, “How to Meet Increased
Capacities by Future Green 5G Networks: A Survey,”
IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 42220–42237, 2019. doi:
10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2907284.
[8] J. Lorincz, Z. Klarin, and J. Ožegovic, “A
comprehensive overview of tcp congestion control in 5g
networks: Research challenges and future perspectives,”
Sensors, vol. 21, no. 13, 2021. doi: 10.3390/s21134510.
[9] B. Issa and Q. Thabit, “Review in IoT for Healthcare in
Our Life Engineering,” Iraqi J. Electr. Electron. Eng., vol.
18, no. 1, pp. 9–20, 2022. doi: 10.37917/ijeee.18.1.2.
[10] W. Strielkowski, M. Dvorák, P. Rovný, E. Tarkhanova,
and N. Baburina, “5G Wireless Networks in the Future
Renewable Energy Systems,” Front. Energy Res., vol. 9,
no. November, 2021. doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2021.714803.
[11] A. Israr, Q. Yang, W. Li, and A. Y. Zomaya,
“Renewable energy powered sustainable 5G network
infrastructure: Opportunities, challenges and
perspectives,” J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 175, p.
102910, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102910.
[12] A. Andrawes, R. Nordin, and N. F. Abdullah, “Energy-
efficient downlink for non-orthogonal multiple access
with SWIPT under constrained throughput,” Energies, vol.
13, no. 1, 2019. doi: 10.3390/en13010110.
[13] H. M. Alsabbagh, “Influence of the number of antennas
on the outage probability of Non-Orthogonal Multiple
Access in 5G systems,” Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 19. pp. 8051–8056, 2018.
doi: 10.3923/jeasci.2018.8051.8056.